What is a known risk factor for caudal regression observed on an ultrasound?

Maternal diabetes is a well-established risk factor for caudal regression syndrome, which is characterized by varying degrees of abnormal development of the lower spine and associated structures. This condition is part of a spectrum of defects that can occur as a result of abnormal embryonic development, and studies have associated maternal diabetes, particularly pregestational diabetes, with an increased incidence of neural tube and other spine-related defects, including caudal regression.

When maternal diabetes is present, the metabolic environment can disrupt normal fetal development during critical periods, leading to structural anomalies. The teratogenic effects of high blood sugar levels and the associated complications in maternal diabetes can contribute to various congenital malformations, making it a significant risk factor for this condition.

While other factors like maternal alcohol use, obesity, and advanced paternal age are linked with different congenital anomalies, they do not have the same direct association with caudal regression syndrome as maternal diabetes does. This specificity highlights the importance of managing maternal health, especially in diabetic pregnancies, to mitigate risks of such developmental disorders.