What is a possible complication associated with Parvovirus B19 infection during pregnancy?

Parvovirus B19 infection during pregnancy can lead to several serious complications that warrant attention. One significant complication is hydrops fetalis, which is a severe condition characterized by an abnormal accumulation of fluid in fetal compartments, such as the abdomen, thorax, or under the skin. This complication can arise because parvovirus B19 can affect the fetal red blood cell production leading to severe anemia and cardiac failure.

Another potential complication is aplastic anemia in the mother, which can occur due to the virus's ability to infect and destroy erythroid progenitor cells in the bone marrow when the mother's immune response is suppressed. This results in decreased red blood cell production.

Moreover, high output cardiac failure can occur as a result of the anemia in the fetus, where the heart is overworked to compensate for the low red blood cell count, leading to heart failure.

Since parvovirus B19 infection has the potential to cause all of these complications, the most encompassing answer, indicating that all of the listed options are valid concerns, is the best choice.