What is considered a teratogenic factor that can impact fetal development?

Alcohol is recognized as a teratogenic factor that can adversely affect fetal development. Teratogens are substances or environmental factors that can cause developmental abnormalities in an embryo or fetus. Maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy can lead to a range of physical, behavioral, and cognitive issues in the child, collectively known as Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs). These disorders can vary in severity, but they often include growth deficiencies, facial anomalies, and neurodevelopmental problems.

In contrast, exercise, hydration, and weight maintenance, while important aspects of a healthy pregnancy, are not classified as teratogenic factors. Moderate exercise is generally beneficial for pregnant individuals, aiding in overall well-being and potentially improving outcomes. Adequate hydration and maintaining a healthy weight are also essential for supporting both maternal health and fetal development, but they do not exhibit teratogenic effects. Understanding the distinction between beneficial factors and teratogens is crucial in prenatal care and counseling.