What is the primary use of PCR in genetic analysis?

The primary use of PCR, or Polymerase Chain Reaction, in genetic analysis is to amplify specific segments of DNA, typically focusing on one or a few targeted genes. This technique allows for the generation of millions of copies of a particular DNA sequence, which is essential for further analysis. By concentrating on specific genes, researchers and clinicians can conduct detailed examinations of those segments for various purposes, such as mutation detection, genetic testing, or specific gene expression studies.

While other techniques exist for analyzing multiple genes or entire genomes, PCR itself is designed to provide exponential amplification of specific DNA regions, making it particularly useful for targeted analyses. PCR is not inherently intended for sequencing entire genomes or detecting protein mutations directly; those tasks typically require additional techniques such as whole-genome sequencing or protein assays, respectively. Thus, focusing on one or a few genes aligns with the core capability of PCR to enable precise molecular investigations.