What is the risk percentage for major malformations associated with the use of antiepileptic drugs such as valproic acid?

The risk of major malformations associated with the use of antiepileptic drugs, particularly valproic acid, is a significant concern in pregnancy. Research indicates that the risk of major congenital malformations in infants exposed to valproic acid during the first trimester can range from 6% to 15%. This range is notable because valproic acid is recognized for its teratogenic effects, which can lead to various developmental and physical abnormalities.

Essentially, the teratogenic risk of major malformations includes issues such as neural tube defects, cardiac defects, and other structural anomalies. Evaluating pregnant individuals who are on valproic acid requires careful consideration of the potential risks versus the benefits of seizure control.

In contrast, the other options provided reflect lower risk percentages, which do not align with the established data regarding valproic acid's effects. The understanding of these risks plays a crucial role in counseling and management strategies for women of childbearing age who are taking antiepileptic medications.