Which of the following conditions has a hereditary form that can lead to eye cancer by age 5?

Retinoblastoma is a type of eye cancer that primarily affects young children, typically before the age of 5. It is often associated with hereditary factors, particularly in cases where mutations occur in the RB1 gene. Children with hereditary retinoblastoma have a significantly higher risk of developing the cancer bilaterally (affecting both eyes) at a younger age.

The inherited form of retinoblastoma is usually characterized by a family history of the disease, which can manifest in familial clusters. The early onset of the condition, branding it as a pediatric cancer, emphasizes the importance of genetic counseling and screening for families affected by it. In addition to ocular implications, individuals with hereditary retinoblastoma also have increased risk for other malignancies later in life.

The other conditions listed, while having their own genetic risks and implications, do not primarily lead to eye cancer by age 5, making retinoblastoma the most specific and appropriate choice for the question posed.