Which type of hemoglobinopathy shows high levels of HbA2 and HbF?

Beta thalassemia is characterized by an imbalance in the production of hemoglobin chains, specifically a reduced production of beta globin chains. As a result, individuals with beta thalassemia typically exhibit elevated levels of HbA2 and HbF in their hemoglobin profile.

The increase in HbA2, which is composed of two delta and two alpha chains, occurs as a compensatory mechanism to maintain adequate oxygen transport when beta globin synthesis is reduced. Similarly, HbF, made of two alpha and two gamma chains, is often elevated as well because the gamma chains are produced in greater amounts when the beta chains are deficient.

This pattern of elevated HbA2 and HbF is a key distinguishing feature of beta thalassemia, helping healthcare professionals to confirm the diagnosis through laboratory testing. In contrast, other hemoglobinopathies, such as sickle cell disease or alpha thalassemia, do not typically present with the same levels of HbA2 and HbF, providing a clear rationale for why beta thalassemia is the correct answer.